Energy (in the form of food) intake is decreased with surgery by restricting stomach size and limiting absorption. Weight loss procedures, unlike diet, also cause biological changes that help reduce food intake. This means that in order to maintain weight loss, the person who has been on a diet will have to eat fewer calories than someone who naturally weighs the same. For example, the body of the person who reduces their weight from 200 to 170 pounds burns fewer calories than the body of someone weighing 170 pounds who has never been on a diet. Therefore, there are significant differences between someone who has lost weight by diet and someone of the same size who has never lost weight. This decrease in calories the body burns is more than explained by the decrease in body size. When a person goes on a diet, their body produces more hormones that cause an increase in hunger and a decrease in calories burned. Studies show little long-term success with diet and exercise alone.(3) Weight loss surgeries are effective in maintaining long-term weight loss, in part, because these procedures change the body’s natural responses to dieting that make weight loss so difficult. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Expert Panel stated that, without surgery, long-term weight loss is nearly impossible for those affected by severe obesity. This is likely due to foods available and genes. Many people who suffer from obesity find it hard to lose weight and keep the weight off with diet and exercise alone.
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